In C, strings are handled differently than in languages that have a dedicated String class, like Java or Python. C treats strings as arrays of characters, with the last character being the null character (\0) which signifies the end of the string. Here's a basic rundown of how strings are managed in C:

Declaration

1. String Initialization with a Character Array:

   You can declare and initialize a string using a character array:

   char myString[] = "Hello, World!";  

   Note that myString automatically includes the null character \0 at the end.

2. Pointer to a String Literal:

   You can also use a pointer to a string literal:

   char *myString = "Hello, World!";  

   This is useful for immutable strings, but modifying the content is undefined behavior as string literals are stored in read-only memory.

Operations

Since C doesn't have a native String class with built-in methods for operations, you'll often use functions from the standard library, found in <string.h>:

1. Calculating the Length:

   Use strlen() to find the length of a string (excluding the null character):

   #include <string.h>  
   size_t length = strlen(myString);  

2. Copying:

   Use strcpy() to copy one string to another:

   char destination[50];  
   strcpy(destination, myString);  

   Ensure the destination array is large enough to hold the copied string plus the null terminator.

3. Concatenation:

   Use strcat() to concatenate two strings:

   char dest[50] = "Hello, ";  
   strcat(dest, "World!");  

4. Comparison:

   Use strcmp() to compare two strings:

   int result = strcmp("string1", "string2");  

   It returns 0 if both strings are identical.

5. Finding a Substring:

   Use strstr() to find a substring within a string:

   char *found = strstr("Hello, World!", "World");  

   This returns a pointer to the first occurrence of "World" in the string.

6. Tokenization:

   Use strtok() to split a string into tokens based on delimiters:

   char str[] = "Hello, World!";  
   char *token = strtok(str, " ,!");  
   while (token != NULL) {  
      printf("%s\n", token);  
      token = strtok(NULL, " ,!");  
   }  

Important Considerations

• Memory Management: Always ensure you allocate enough memory for your strings to avoid buffer overflows.
• Null Termination: Properly include the null terminator \0 at the end of your strings to avoid undefined behavior.
• Immutable String Literals: Be mindful that modifying string literals via character pointers is not allowed, as they're immutable.

In summary, while C does not have a String class, its standard library provides robust functions to work with strings, albeit with manual memory management and careful attention to null termination and character limits.